This work was conducted to study the environment, physiological conditions and heat tolerance coefficient of dry cows that were raised under tropical conditions in Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTU-HPT) Baturraden, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia. Twenty-one dry Friesian Holstein cows with age of pregnancy 7-8 month were used in this study. The pen models were permanent stanchion barn with cement floors and rubber mat. The lactation period was 1-3, average body weight 550-650 kg and body condition score (BCS) ± 3-3.5. Feeding was done twice daily, morning and afternoon with total mixed ratio (TMR). Water was given ad libitum. The observed parameters were environment condition in the pen (temperature and humidity), temperature humidity index (THI), physiology condition (rectal temperature, pulse and respiration frequency) and heat tolerance coefficient (HTC). All collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results indicated that the highest temperature in the pen reached 26.5±1.52ᴼC at 13:00 hours, while the lowest temperature was 22.6±0.51ᴼC at 03:00 hours, and average daily temperature was 24.4±1.01ᴼC. The highest humidity was 88.9±1.56% at 03:00 hours, while the lowest humidity was 78.8±2.49% at 13:00 hours, and average daily humidity was 85.9±2.17%. The highest rectal temperature and respiration frequency at 13.00 hours was 38.2±0.33ᴼC and 37.5±2.28 times/min respectively, while the lowest temperature at 03.00 hours was 37.5±0.32ᴼC and 31.7±2.98 times/min; and average daily rectal temperature was 37.9±0.35ᴼC and respiration frequency was 34.5±2.47 times/min. The highest HTC value achieved at 13.00 hours was 2.63±0.10 and the lowest HTC value at 03.00 hours was 2.36±0.13, and average daily HTC value was 2.49±0.11. Environmental conditions in BBPTU-HPT Baturraden cause dairy cows to experience mild stress indicating an average THI value 74.5±1.59. Physiological conditions that include rectal temperature, pulse and respiration frequency indicates an increase that identifies the cows starting to experience mild stress. The HTC value shows the heat resistance of cows in low Baturraden indicated its HTC value of more than 2 with an average of 2.49±0.11.
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